The Völsung legend
Sigurd, Fáfnir and the cursed gold — Norse saga and Eddic lays
Völsunga saga Sigurd
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The story of the Völsungs survives in the Eddic lays and in the 13th-century Völsunga saga: the cursed hoard of Andvari, the smith Regin, his brother Fáfnir who turned into a dragon to guard the gold, and Sigurd who slew him from a pit, tasted the dragon's blood and understood the birds. Tolkien tried to unify the lays himself in the 1920s in an unpublished poem in the old eight-line stanza. He named Sigurd as one of the elements behind Túrin — with Oedipus and Kullervo — and admitted that Smaug's conversation is in debt to Fáfnir's talk with his slayer.
Below stands the original wording of the source, public domain, with a translation of our own or one that is public domain. Marked words lead to the entry in the register that took something from them.
Chapter 18: Fáfnir asks the name of his slayer
Ok er Fáfnir fekk banasár, spurði hann: "Hverr ertu, eða hverr er þinn faðir, eða hver er ætt þín, er þú vart svá djarfr, at þú þorir at bera vápn á mik?" Sigurðr svarar: "Ætt mín er mönnum ókunnig. Ek heiti göfugt dýr, ok á ek engan föður né móður, ok einn saman hefi ek farit." Fáfnir svarar: "Ef þú átt engan föður né móður, af hverju undri ertu þá alinn? Ok þótt þú segir mér eigi þitt nafn á banadægri mínu, þá veiztu, at þú lýgr nú."
So whenas Fafnir had his death-wound, he asked "Who art thou? and who is thy father? and what thy kin, that thou wert so hardy as to bear weapons against me?" Sigurd answered, "Unknown to men is my kin. I am called a noble beast: neither father have I nor mother, and all alone have I fared hither." Said Fafnir, "Whereas thou hast neither father nor mother, of what wonder wert thou born then? But now, though thou tellest me not thy name on this my death-day, yet thou knowest verily that thou liest unto me."
English by Eiríkr Magnússon and William Morris (1888); the German rendering is ours. The dying dragon tries to learn his slayer's name, and Sigurd hides it — a name spoken to a dragon gives him power. Tolkien said Smaug's conversation is obviously in debt to Fáfnir; Bilbo's riddling answers to Smaug are the same game.
What became of it
Tolkien himself lists Sigurd, with Oedipus and Kullervo, among the elements from which Túrin might be said to derive: the dragon-slayer, the doomed marriage, the death on the point of the sword.
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 131
derived from elements in Sigurd the Volsung, Oedipus, and the Finnish Kullervo
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 131
The riddling, boastful talk between the dragon and the one who has come to his hoard: Tolkien said Smaug's conversation is obviously in debt to Fáfnir in the late Norse versions of the Sigurd story.
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 122
Smaug and his conversation obviously is in debt there
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 122
Sources
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 131
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 122
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 295
Cite this page
Legendarium (2026): „The Völsung legend“. Last updated September 3, 2026. https://www.legendarium.page/tolkien/volsunga-saga/
APA
Legendarium. (2026). The Völsung legend. Last updated September 3, 2026. https://www.legendarium.page/tolkien/volsunga-saga/
MLA
„The Völsung legend“. Legendarium, 2026, https://www.legendarium.page/tolkien/volsunga-saga/. Last updated September 3, 2026.
BibTeX
@misc{legendarium-volsunga-saga-en,
title = {The Völsung legend},
author = {{Legendarium}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.legendarium.page/tolkien/volsunga-saga/}},
note = {Last updated September 3, 2026}
}