Völuspá
The Sibyl's prophecy from the Poetic Edda — the list from which the Dwarves took their names
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The first poem of the Codex Regius, written down in Iceland around 1270 from far older verse, has a seeress tell Odin the creation and the end of the world. Stanzas 10 to 16 interrupt her with the Dvergatal, a catalogue of dwarf-names — Durinn, Dvalinn, Bifurr, Bafurr, Bömburr, Nori, Þorinn, Fili, Kili, Glóinn, Dori, Ori — and among them Gandálfr, 'wand-elf'. Tolkien lifted Thorin's company from this list almost entire and gave the wizard the one name that is not a dwarf's; he said so plainly to the Observer in 1938. Eikinskjaldi, 'Oakenshield', is in the same stanzas.
Below stands the original wording of the source, public domain, with a translation of our own or one that is public domain. Marked words lead to the entry in the register that took something from them.
Stanzas 10–13 and 15: the Dvergatal
Þar var Móðsognir mæztr um orðinn dverga allra, en Durinn annarr; þeir mannlíkun mörg um görðu dvergar í jörðu, sem Durinn sagði. Nýi, Niði, Norðri, Suðri, Austri, Vestri, Alþjófr, Dvalinn, Nár ok Náinn, Nípingr, Dáinn, Bifurr, Bafurr, Bömburr, Nori, Ánn ok Ánarr, Óinn, Mjöðvitnir. Veggr ok Gandálfr, Vindálfr, Þorinn, Þrár ok Þráinn, Þekkr, Litr ok Vitr, Nýr ok Nýráðr, nú hefi ek dverga, Reginn ok Ráðsviðr, rétt um talða. Fili, Kili, Fundinn, Nali, Hepti, Vili, Hanarr, Svíurr, Billingr, Brúni, Bildr ok Buri, Frár, Hornbori, Frægr ok Lóni, Aurvangr, Jari, Eikinskjaldi. Þar var Draupnir ok Dólgþrasir, Hár, Haugspori, Hlévangr, Glóinn, Dori, Ori, Dúfr, Andvari, Skirfir, Virfir, Skafiðr, Ai.
There was Motsognir the mightiest made Of all the dwarfs, and Durin next; Many a likeness of men they made, The dwarfs in the earth, as Durin said. Nyi and Nithi, Northri and Suthri, Austri and Vestri, Althjof, Dvalin, Nar and Nain, Niping, Dain, Bifur, Bofur, Bombur, Nori, An and Onar, Ai, Mjothvitnir. Vigg and Gandalf, Vindalf, Thrain Thekk and Thorin, Thror, Vit and Lit, Nyr and Nyrath, — now have I told — Regin and Rathsvith — the list aright. Fili, Kili, Fundin, Nali, Heptifili, Hannar, Sviur, Frar, Hornbori, Fræg and Loni, Aurvang, Jari, Eikinskjaldi. There were Draupnir and Dolgthrasir, Hor, Haugspori, Hlevang, Gloin, Dori, Ori, Duf, Andvari, Skirfir, Virfir, Skafith, Ai.
English by Henry Adams Bellows (1923); the German rendering is ours and keeps the Norse name-forms so that the marked names stay recognisable. Most scholars regard the catalogue as a later insertion into the poem.
What became of it
Þorinn and Eikinskjaldi both stand in the Dvergatal; Tolkien joined them into one name and byname.
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 25
The dwarf-names, and the wizard's, are from the Elder Edda.
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 25
Gandálfr, 'wand-elf' or 'sorcerer-elf', is the only name in the dwarf-list that Tolkien gave to someone who is not a dwarf.
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 25
The dwarf-names, and the wizard's, are from the Elder Edda.
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 25
Nearly every dwarf in The Hobbit, and Durin the eldest of their fathers, bears a name from these stanzas.
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 25
The dwarf-names, and the wizard's, are from the Elder Edda.
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 25
Sources
- The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien — Letter 25
Cite this page
Legendarium (2026): „Völuspá“. Last updated September 3, 2026. https://www.legendarium.page/tolkien/voluspa/
APA
Legendarium. (2026). Völuspá. Last updated September 3, 2026. https://www.legendarium.page/tolkien/voluspa/
MLA
„Völuspá“. Legendarium, 2026, https://www.legendarium.page/tolkien/voluspa/. Last updated September 3, 2026.
BibTeX
@misc{legendarium-voluspa-en,
title = {Völuspá},
author = {{Legendarium}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://www.legendarium.page/tolkien/voluspa/}},
note = {Last updated September 3, 2026}
}